The Promise and Pitfalls of Float (Loose Rock)

The Promise and Pitfalls of Float (Loose Rock) Too often when youre out in the field, youll be looking at a hillside and there are no outcrops of bedrock to tell you whats under it. An alternative is relying on float- isolated stones in the soil that you must assume came from the bedrock near by. Float is not reliable, but with care it can provide good information. Why Float Is Unreliable An isolated stone is hard to rely on because once its broken off, many different things can move it away from its original setting. Gravity pulls rocks downhill, turning bedrock into colluvium. Landslides carry them even farther. Thens theres bioturbation: Falling trees can pull up rocks with their roots, and gophers and other digging animals (fossorial animals is the official term) can push them around. On a much larger scale, glaciers are notorious for carrying rocks far from their origin and dropping them in big piles called moraines. In places like the northern United States and much of Canada, you cant trust any loose rock to be local. When you add water, there are new complications. Streams transport rocks entirely away from their places of origin. Icebergs and ice floes can carry stones across open water to places theyd never reach on their own. Fortunately, rivers and glaciers usually leave distinctive signs- rounding and striations, respectively- on rocks, and they wont fool an experienced geologist. Possibilities of Float Float is no good for a lot of geology, because the original position of the rock is lost. That means that its bedding features and orientation cant be measured, or any other information that comes from the rocks context. But if conditions are reasonable, float can be a strong clue to the bedrock below it, even if you must still map the boundaries of that rock unit with dashed lines. If youre careful with float, its better than nothing. Heres a spectacular example. A 2008 paper in Science tied two ancient continents together with the help of a small boulder found sitting on a glacial moraine in the Trans-Antarctic Mountains. The boulder, just 24 centimeters long, consisted of rapakivi granite, a very distinctive rock containing big balls of alkali feldspar with shells of plagioclase feldspar. A long series of rapakivi granites is scattered across North America in a wide belt of Proterozoic crust running from the Canadian Maritimes at one end to an abrupt cutoff in the Southwest. Where that belt continues is an important question because if you find the same rocks on another continent, it ties that continent to North America at a specific place and time when both were united in a supercontinent named Rodinia. Finding a chunk of rapakivi granite in the Trans-Antarctic Mountains, even just as float, is a key piece of evidence that the ancient supercontinent of Rodinia held Antarctica next to North America. The actual bedrock that it came from is underneath the Antarctic ice cap, but we know the behavior of the ice- and can confidently discount the other transport mechanisms listed above- well enough to cite it in a paper and make it the highlight of a press release.

Biology and Anatomy Games and Quizzes

Biology and Anatomy Games and Quizzes Biology Games and Quizzes Biology games and quizzes can be an effective way to learn about the fun-filled world of biology. Ive put together a listing of several quizzes and puzzles that are designed to help you further your knowledge of biology in key areas. If youve ever wanted to test your knowledge of biology concepts, take the quizzes below and find out how much you really know. Anatomy Quizzes Heart Anatomy QuizThe heart is an extraordinary organ that supplies blood and oxygen to all parts of the body. This heart anatomy quiz is designed to test your knowledge of human heart anatomy.Human Brain QuizThe brain is one of the largest and most important organs of the human body. It is the control center of the body. Organ Systems QuizDo you know which organ system contains the largest organ in the body? Test your knowledge of human organ systems. Animal Games Animal Groups Name GameDo you know what a group of frogs is called? Play the Animal Groups Name Game and learn the names of various animal groups.   Cells and Genes Quizzes Cell Anatomy QuizThis cell anatomy quiz is designed to test your knowledge of eukaryotic cell anatomy.Cellular Respiration QuizThe most efficient way for cells to harvest energy stored in food is through cellular respiration. Glucose, derived from food, is broken down during cellular respiration to provide energy in the form of ATP and heat.Genetics QuizDo you know the difference between genotype and phenotype? Test your knowledge of Mendelian genetics.Meiosis QuizMeiosis is a two-part cell division process in organisms that sexually reproduce. Take the Meiosis Quiz!Mitosis QuizTake the Mitosis Quiz and find out how much you know about mitosis. Plant Quizzes Parts of a Flowering Plant QuizFlowering plants, also called angiosperms, are the most numerous of all the divisions in the Plant Kingdom. The parts of a flowering plant are characterized by two basic systems: a root system and a shoot system.Plant Cell QuizDo you know which vessels allow water to flow to different parts of a plant? This quiz is designed to test your knowledge of plant cells and tissues.Photosynthesis QuizIn photosynthesis, the suns energy is captured in order to make food. Plants use carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to produce oxygen, water, and food in the form of sugar. Other Biology Games and Quizzes Biology Prefixes and Suffixes QuizDo you know the meaning of the word hematopoiesis? Take the Biology Prefixes and Suffixes Quiz and discover the meanings of difficult biology termsVirus QuizA virus particle, also known as a virion, is essentially a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein shell or coat. Do you know what viruses that infect bacteria are called? Test your knowledge of viruses.Virtual Frog Dissection QuizThis quiz is designed to help you identify internal and external structures in male and female frogs.

Hospitality Industry Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hospitality Industry Management - Essay Example In their analysis, (Elliot et al 2012, 94) agree that Ku-De-Ta Hotels should assess the consequences of total customers in relation to other substitute products offered by rival hotels. It means they should introduce incentives for retaining loyalty program. This will limit the buyer alternatives enjoyed by most customers. Another significant implication involves expansions of economies of scale because of rigid government policy. Australia has complicated legislations of conducting business that often affect industry profitability. Consequently, (Gordon, 2012, 125) believes Ku-De-Ta Hotel deserve to invest in product differentiation to establish a strong brand and customer loyalty. In brand loyalty, threats should be averted by accessing equal distribution of products and services in the new market. It should also invest in modern modes of advertising such as the use of Facebook, Twitter, or blogs to establishing lasting rapport with middle-class clients frequently using technology (Knight, 2013, 114). However, this is only possible by having adequate capital requirements to sustain industry profitability that usually balances the absolute costs of conducting business. Accordingly, (Morrison 2002, 123) assert that capital requirements could be solicited through loans or savings. The entry of new entrants will lead to low threats because of setbacks such as expected competition and low cost benefits. Ku-De-Ta Hotel also has an edge over others because of its feasible location proves it difficult for new entrants (Knight, 2013, 124). In switching costs, Ku-De-Ta Hotel is faced with the threat of their rivals who offer substitute products and, thus, interfere with customer loyalty. This suggests that customers are susceptible to alternatives such as identifying hotels that have warm water instead of cold water. It, thus, is upon Ku-De-Ta Hotel

A Strategic Marketing Assignment on Etisalat Essay

A Strategic Marketing Assignment on Etisalat - Essay Example The telecom industry of the Middle Eastern countries has seen a continuous growth. A forecast by Informa Telecoms and Media shows that the year 2009 will continue to see a constant growth, with almost 28.68 million net inclusions into the mobile market this year. The market is very wide and has as many as almost 250 million mobile subscribers and is expected to reach as high as 250.79 million by the end of 2009 . Company Information:The Company:Etisalat is one of the oldest telecom providers in UAE. It is headed by Mohammad Al Qamzi, the CEO. The company was incorporated in 1976 and has become a part of the Financial Times Top 500 Corporation. In terms of the capitalization and revenues, this company stands on the 6th position in the Middle East. This is the only other largest contributor other than the oil sector, in the development programs of the UAE federal Government. It has also been awarded for being a socially responsible corporation. Etisalat has also been honored for the na tionalization programme . Etisalat offers a number of different products and services. They have a wide variety of products in their portfolio, which totals to almost a hundred and fifty. These include items like the fixed lines, mobiles, and value added services for businesses and consumers. This does not include the additional products and services that are provided by the company to people with special needs . Etisalat’s main region of functioning is in UAE and Iran.

Arizona Prop 200 Essay Example for Free

Arizona Prop 200 Essay As with any other impositions of the law elevated to the national government, there will always be a certain degree of advantages and disadvantages. In a specific aspect, implementing the Arizona Prop 200 will definitely change the economic processes of the US financial system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Arizona Prop 200 is an initiative which allows for a more strict process of requiring citizens to generate proofs of legitimacy of their citizenship. This equates to the right to vote and to acquire public benefits from different administration units. (Wikipedia, 2007). The main effect of the project can be seen in terms of financial considerations with respect to the actual expenditures of the entire federal government. Since there will be an increase in restrictions to sort out whether a particular person is a US citizen or not prior to be able to vote and get citizen benefits, there will also be an increase in expenses in order to adjust the budgetary allocation for the said government program. Doing some additional tasks and employing much more people in order to identify legitimate citizens will mean additional resource facilitation. Thus, allocation processes for the use of money will be altered.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In a positive perspective, it is also possible to maximize the route of budget allocation which should be granted to the public’s needs and welfare. Since there will be a very good way of identifying people who are eligible to receive the government benefits, sufficient financial amounts will be sustained in a very optimized manner. All the collected taxes will be used by people who are actual legitimate citizens of the United States. Aside from achieving financial advantages, it would also be fair for the actual tax payers to receive the benefits they are entitled to. References Wikipedia. 2007. Arizona Prop 200 (2004). Wikipedia-The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved November 16 2007 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_Proposition_200_(2004).

US Hegemony :: essays research papers

US Must face the Truth : Know who is the Terrorist 25 Classic Quotes on Western Hegemony 1- "It's really not a number I'm terribly interested in." -General Colin Powell [When asked about the number of Iraqi people who were slaughtered by Americans in the 1991 "Desert Storm" terror campaign (200,000 people!)] 2- "I will never apologize for the United States of America - I don't care what the facts are." -President George Bush 1988 [Bush was demonstrating his patriotism by excusing an act of cold-blooded mass-murder by the U.S. Navy. On July 3, 1988 the U.S. Navy warship Vincennes shot down an Iranian commercial airliner. All 290 civilian people in the aircraft were killed. The plane was on a routine flight in a commercial corridor in Iranian airspace. The targeting of it by the U.S. Navy was blatantly illegal. That it was grossly immoral is also obvious. Except to a patriot.] 3- "To maintain this position of disparity (U.S. economic-military supremacy)... we will have to dispense with all sentimentality and day-dreaming.... We should cease to talk about vague and... unreal objectives such as human rights, the raising of the living standard and democratization. The day is not far off when we are going to have to deal in straight power concepts.... The less we are then hampered by idealistic slogans, the better." -George Kennan [Director of Policy Planning U.S. State Department 1948] 4- "If they turn on the radars we're going to blow up their goddamn SAMs (surface-to-air missiles). They know we own their country. We own their airspace... We dictate the way they live and talk. And that's what's great about America right now. It's a good thing, especially when there's a lot of oil out there we need." -U.S. Brig. General William Looney (Interview Washington Post, August 30, 1999) [Referring, in reality, to the brutal mass-murder of hundreds of civilian Iraqi men, women and children during 10,000 sorties by American/British war criminals in the first eight months of 1999] 5- "The greatest crime since World War II has been U.S. foreign policy." -Ramsey Clark [Former U.S. Attorney General under President Lyndon Johnson] 6- "I believe that if we had and would keep our dirty, bloody, dollar soaked fingers out of the business of these [Third World] nations so full of depressed, exploited people, they will arrive at a solution of their own. And if unfortunately their revolution must be of the violent type because the "haves" refuse to share with the "have-nots" by any peaceful method, at least what they get will be their own, and not the American style, which they don't want and above all don't want crammed down

Slave Boy – Creative Writing

Today, my brain is a whirlwind of emotions: memories from my past. A past I would like to forget but can't. I will begin my story, my story, from when I was just six years of age and taken from my family. It feels strange to look over the shores of my native lands, the same land on which I was sold to white men to work as a slave. We the, Africans were seen as an inferior and uncivilised race, enough justification to be enslaved and treated little better than animals.My real name was Nkauwa but they called me Sam. My identity; my family; my culture; my freedom; they took everything from me and changed it. My life would never be the same again. It was Nigerean slave dealers who rounded us up like cattle. The vast majority of us were caught during fighting against other African groups, prisoners of war. The rest were criminals like me, but my only crime was stealing fruit from the market, my punishment? a lifetime of enslavement. Our hands were tied behind our backs with pieces of rough string that stopped the blood from reaching our fingers. Being six at the time I did not understand why women were crying, their shrieks of horror threw me off-balance and I panicked, I did not understand what was going on, nor did I recognise any faces around me. I asked a man behind me why they had brought us here and he told me sadly, † to learn the ways of the white-faced people.† I felt so alone for the first time and I had a feeling I would be alone for a long while. I started to cry. When the ship rose up through the horizon, all commotion stopped at the magnificent yet terrifying sight, I had seen boats but never on that scale before. The silence was tense with apprehension and fear of the unknown. When the ship had anchored, twenty of so rowing boats came to shore, filled with crates of guns, cloths and lead. It was the first time I had seen white flesh, by no means was it to be the last. Time was spent by both parties inspecting each others goods, as if we were merely objects of little value. They looked in our mouths and felt our muscle-span to see if we would be strong efficient workers. The white men showed the slave dealers how to operate thier new weapons and then we were rowed to the ship; little did I know of the conditions that would face me for the ten week voyage of hell. I was soon put down under the decks, and there I received a stench in my nostrils I had never experienced in my life; we were packed so tightly we had just enough room to turn to turn ourselves and I could not stand up without my head touching the ceiling. The air was fetid, it nearly suffocated me. I began to vomit before the ships anchor had even been raised. It was a scene of horror for the worst ten weeks of my life. The conditions and our hunger brought on sickness amongst us, many of whom died. The crew of the ship cleared the dead in the morning and fed us barely edible, meagre meals. The wretched situation was aggravated by the chains and filth we were living in . At some point in the journey the crew must have realised that if they kept us under the deck for the whole journey there would be no slaves left, so they let small groups on the deck every few days. I sobbed to myself most nights but no one comforted me apart from the groans of the dying. At times I wondered to myself, if this is just the journey, what would the destination be like? The suffocating smell brought sharp, stabbing pains upon my lungs. When we were finally taken off the boat, I was almost too weak to move and I felt terrible. Welcome to America! As I was carried off the boat, the wind hit my face like an explosion and my body siezed up with pains shooting through my muscles. We stood in a yard in the docks, suddenly the doors were thrown open and a considerable number of men waving money and rope rushed towards us in a scramble. The men had the ferocity of brutes as they grabbed frantically at us; again I experienced the touching of muscles and inspecting our teeth, precisely as a jockey examines a horse. It is scarcely possible to describe the confusion and fright I felt as a small child. A tall, scruffy man with a long beard and hat grabbed my shoulders and shoved me in a corner with the rest of his chosen purchases, grumbling † This one looks like and investment.† The choas continued as we were led away and put on the back of his horse and cart. The man was swearing and smoking his pipe when in a temper, he whipped the horses into a trot. We were off! I was still adjusting to the change of environment from the ten weeks under deck and my body was in a lot of pain. As we travelled through the hustle and bustle of the Southern town of Missisippi, Louisiana, we entered the rural countryside and after an hour or so we stopped at a large, wooden farmhouse, complete with a mill that was spurting out clouds of white smoke from its chimney into the clear blue sky. Aproaching closer I noticed behind the mill, a small village of huts and a huge open plantation with with cotton plants growing in thick formations. We were escorted off the cart and brought into another yard outside the farm house from where we were called up one by one to enter the house. It was a very nervous wait and I noticed lots of other black workers already in the fields. I had no idea what was going on but when I was called up I knew something terrible was going to happen by the way the man looked at me with a mean and menecing smile which sent shivers down my spine that I can still remember to this day. He walked towards me and grabbed me by my ear and dragged me inside, to a room containing a large fire place with a crackling fire. Next to the fireplace stood an African house servant and in the centre of the room a desk with the tall, bearded man who drove the cart. He stopped writing, looked up at me, poured himself a glass of whiskey and drank it in one go. The man proceeded to talk to the servant in English, and in turn the servant translated it into Nigerean and repeated it to me. â€Å"Your name's Sam, call me boss, you'll work only for me now, pickin' cotton on my plantation, sunrise to sunset.† He paused and then said † If I catch you slacking or even worse, trying to escape, you will be whipped till the skin falls off your back, do you understand, me?† I looked at the man behind the desk blankly, he nodded to the servant who in turn advanced behind me and pinned me to the desk. I desperately tried to wriggle out of his firm grip but, it was useless, the more I struggled the more the boss laughed, he strolled to the fireplace and reached inside to reveal a red-hot branding iron which he used to torment me by holding it close to my face, making beads of sweat form from the heat and from fear. I was begging, pleading for his mercy but he didn't listen, he pushed it hard against my forehead, producing a horrifying hissing noise and the foul smell of burning flesh. It would be a mark that would never leave me, It hurt physically and mentally; to be branded like cattle, an act of pure evil. The pain was unbearable. For days I couldn't concentrate on anything but the burning sensation, it made me violently sick with fever but I was expected to start work straight away. I was given a huge hand woven basket to fill, I watched to learn the correct technique, a fairly simple task; picking the white flowers by twisting the stems on which they form along the main branches. The plants grew in dense lines which were the same height as me, it was very easy to get lost in the endless jungle of the plantation fields. As the day turned into night and there was not enough light to work in we were given a form of corn meal in tin bowls, it had been produced cheaply with few nutrients. I was also issued with new clothing made from very coarse cotton; uncomfortable to wear but much better than the filthy rags I wore on the ship. No shoes were issued, I still walked barefooted, everywhere I went. The new slaves were put into the accommodation of the already over-crowded huts. The tiny wooden, dank huts were set out in rows and contained no sanitation at all. The huts were filthy a perfect breeding ground for disease. They were window-less and smelly, with broken glass, old shoes and rags that littered around the floor. I squeezed into a hut, with ten people, cold and in a place thousands of miles from our homes. I missed my family. I felt the power of death over life , I knew what I had to do, I had to escape. I lay awake for the best part of the night, planning for the best method and timing for my escape. After hours of thought I realised, there was no easy way out and now was as good a time as any other. At this point everyone in my hut was asleep. My heart was racing, I sat up, took a deep breath and opened the creaking, rotting door, I started to run, passing the house, then the gate and then the sign post. I ran like the wind and I didn't slow down. I was running on nothing but the fuel of my anger, the anger I had built up inside me, since the very first moment I was captured. I didn't stop until I felt safe and my lungs were gasping for air. I kept a steady pace up and by the time I reached the town the sun was rising in the East but it was far too early for people to be out and about. As I entered the wharf I remembered the fact I still had no idea how I was to get on a ship heading back to Africa. My heart sank and I slumped down behind some crates and began to cry. I was convinced I would not get any further until†¦. suddenly I heard a voice getting closer, it sounded like two English sailors talking but one had a strong African accent. I tried to stay hidden but they picked up the crate I was behind and spotted me. â€Å"Hey, what you doing ‘ere, Your not supossed to be round ‘ere,† The white sailor said in a gruff voice. The African was quick to notice I had already been branded and must have ran away from my master. He asked me, in Nigerean, my name and what I was doing here. I told them my story and they it turned out we were from the same part of Nigeria and were stopping there on their way back there for some illigitimate trading of tea leaves and tobacco. They were both kind men and disagreed with the principle of slavery, they were quick to take pity on me and put me in an empty crate to hide me until on the ship. The trip back was much more comfortable than before. Although I slept below deck with the crates, I was allowed on deck whenever I wanted. I never went hungry for that ten week trip and rebuilt much of my strength. I showed gratitude for my rescue by doing odd jobs around the boat, usually cooking for the crew or scrubbing the deck. When we reached the main port of Nigeria I was so happy, it was a terrible ordeal for anyone to go through and something I was lucky to survive. The scar on my forehead is a constant reminder and my mental scars will never go away but I learnt many things during that time. I will never again take my freedom for granted and I cherish every moment of life with my family in the place where I truly belong.